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Back to Basics Part 3: Assignments

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Assignments are important, use them.

Assignments are important, use them.

This picture says a lot to me. I know that it is a still frame and only a fraction of a second in time, but I believe it is telling.

We have fire venting from the Alpha side upper window, and from the Bravo side near the eaves.  There is no doubt that we have a good working job.

How many times do we see chaos from all parties involved when we show up to a fire like this.  Adrenaline is pumping and people are excited and ready to go.  Sometimes too much so.

With all of the chaos and effort to be first in, too many times we forget our assignments or tasks.  Everyone can’t be first in and the other jobs are just as important.

Looking at this picture I get the impression that these are some cool cats.  You have a team raising a ladder. You have a team with a hose line ready.  It looks like the officer is getting his stuff on a little behind his hose crew, maybe from completing his 360.  And there is a firefighter propping open the door.

This looks organized just from what I can see.  It looks good and I bet they took it to it.

Know your assignments and do them.  The best attack is a coordinated one when everyone is doing what needs to be done to accomplish the overall goal; safely get in and out after putting the fire out and removing all victims.

You must train this way and trust your crew for this to happen.  So, get out of the recliner today and do something as a team. Ask about assignments if you have questions and train, train, train, and train some more.

Take care and stay safe.

Great RIT Pack Video

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I have seen this video several times and I like to watch it as a refresher.  The Captain is excellent at explaining this and making it easy to understand and follow. I know the video is a particular brand, which we use, so if you use a different brand, send me a link of a similar video and I will post it.

It is important to be familiar with your respective RIT bag and equipment.  Be able to use this in the dark and with gloves on.  Be prepared if you are RIT and don’t take that assignment lightly.

Train hard and be prepared.

More Fire Stopping–Puddy

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Penetrations through a rated floor.

Penetrations through a rated floor.

This is a good example of penetrations in a rated floor assembly.  This looks like data cable and there are three collars.

What is important here is that the installation is done appropriately and per manufactures recommendations.

You also have to make sure it meets the required UL system that applies for this specific situation.

Notice how the cables are very close, maybe touching the side of the collar? Depending on the UL system and the type of material, you may be creating a void for smoke and fire to travel through.

If the fire puddy or caulk is not completely around the cables or conduit, when the puddy/caulk is heated and expands, there will be a void on the side that the cable or conduit is touching the side of the pipe or sleeve.

Just make sure you look at the UL system and the product recommendations so that you know what it can and cannot do.  If it isn’t done correctly, smoke and fire can spread.  Don’t be afraid to make a contractor dig all that out and do it right.

Check it out and be careful.

FDNY Special Ops Symposium

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2010symposiumadfront.jpg

Hey, there is an event coming up and if you can, you really need to try to get to it.  Click the picture for details and registration instructions.  If your a special ops person, this is for you.

Stay safe and train hard.

Cool Tool Ideas

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I good way to keep two tools together. Picture from Brotherhood Instructors

I good way to keep two tools together. Picture from Brotherhood Instructors

Here is a cool way to get two tools to stay together.  Firefighters can get real creative when they want to.

This is a good example of getting out of the chair and doing something to help the fire service.

Using multiple tools can make forcing entry much easier and more effective, so it is beneficial to have more than one tool.

The last post was about bringing tools, so I thought this was appropriate.  To see some other tool drills and ideas, click the picture for Brotherhood Instructors site.

Back to Basics Part 2: Bring Your Tool!

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Take your tools and be prepared for the fight!

Take your tools and be prepared for the fight!

When going in to do battle you must be prepared.  So many times I see crews going in to make an interior attack with just the hose line and now a TIC.

These firefighters look prepared for the fight. The hose is flaked up the stairs and waiting for water.  The crew is masked up and ready to go.

If you look hard,  you can see that two of them have tools in hand or on their belt.  And, look at the firefighter on the right, he has his hood on.

Taking a tool could mean the difference in you making it out of a bad place or not.  Not to mention it gives you additional reach while doing a search.

The uses are endless and important to you and your crew.  You may need to breach a wall, open a ceiling, force a door or two, just to mention  few.  How about a purchase point or anchor point to get yourself out of a basement??

Get with your officer and find out what each of you prefers to use and how you can compliment each other with bringing different tools.  But, hey, if you all want to bring the same tool, just bring it!

Remember, doing the little things keeps us out of trouble and gets the job done right.

Take care and stay safe.

Making Sure Beams Fail

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Making beams easier to fail.

Making beams easier to fail.

Look for this in commercial and residential structures.  The way that this beam is pocketed will allow it to fail much faster than normal.

As we all know, these beams support much of the center of the building with floor joists resting on them.

Steel will deform and twist and this beam will meet little, if any, resistance during a fire.  I understand that a pocket of concrete will not keep this beam from dislodging, but it there is a reason for properly pocketing these beams.

Not to mention a small tremor or bump from equipment or remodeling can compromise the stability of the beam.

Just one more thing to keep an eye on when doing inspections, especially during construction.

Stay safe and be careful.

Fire Officer Basics: Part 1

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The officer must be the one that watches for conditions.

The officer must be the one that watches for conditions.

When a  crew is making an interior attack, or any task, on the fire ground, the officer must be the eyes and ears of his crew.

Although everyone is responsible for safety and identifying unsafe conditions, the officer must continually keep a watchful eye on conditions.

Too often I have witnessed the officer take the nozzle, dragging the firefighter along into a burning structure.  The officer should be the more experienced person on the line; there is a reason he is the officer. ( I know that is not always the case, but, you get the point.)

I can remember being in a 3-story house with fire blowing out the rear on the first floor and making an aggressive interior attack as the nozzle man.  About 5 minutes or so pass and I am right up on this thing not making much progress.  The acting officer tapped me on the shoulder and said we needed to back out.

I of course did not want to, but what I didn’t see, because I was focused on the fire fight, was that we were pushing fire around the stairwell back to the front door, where we entered.  Mostly because we had the wrong sized line for the amount of fire we had.

But, the point is, he was doing his job. Not just helping me with the hose line, but seeing the “big” picture.  He was paying attention to more than just what was in front of him.

As officers on the hose line we are expected to be aware and to get the job done.  On that fire it meant pulling out and going back with a larger line, which was effective.

Watch for changing smoke conditions. Look for fire behavior that may be odd.  Just look at everything and stay aware.  Get the job done and get back safe.

Who Needs Junction Boxes?

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I Don't Know What to Say.

This picture is of junction boxes.  I guess they like these things.

The bad thing is that we don’t know what is inside and what kinds of problems  can come from them.

Just keep your eyes open and take note of this kind of stuff.  These situations do start fires.

Thanks to Captain Jeff Schwering of the Crestwood FD for submitting the photo. It is appreciated and keep ‘em coming.

Ladder Bail Out Plus…..

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Ladder Bailout from Vent, Enter Search.

 Take a look at this video and watch and listen to the communications.  There is a lot to learn here and these guys were under a lot of pressure. You can just feel it how they are talking and acting on the fire ground.

Use this as a training tool and learn from the experiences of others.  If you have already seen this, well, then watch it again.

Stay safe and be good to each other.  : )

Back to Basics Part 1: Ladders

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Back to Basics Part 1: Ladders

Back to Basics Part 1: Ladders

I recently did a class and we got to talking about a scenario with a second floor.

To my surprise, throwing a ladder to the second floor windows was not a top priority of tactical considerations.

In addition, most could not explain how to raise a ladder properly on their own. I can tell you that I was taken back.  So, I gave each officer an assignment, drill on ladders.

In my part of the world we may have to be a truck company at one call and then turn around and be an engine company at the next.  The next call we may be a squad. We just don’t have the resources that the large metro departments have to run engine companies and truck companies separate.

So, it is incumbent upon us to know all of the jobs.  As an engine company, we must be able to properly raise and place ground ladders.  It might be one of the first things you need to do if you have multiple victims hanging on balconies being threatened.   Not to forget that you may be second in and your first in is upstairs and may need a secondary means of egress?

Whatever the circumstances, ground ladders are important and vital. Drill with them and make them a tool that is expected to be used.

Remember, train hard and stay safe.

Nashville Report on Cancer in Firefighters

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Nashville Fire Department Cancer Report

Part II

Watch the video and stop to think about how we are exposed. Although we know about this, but, maybe we are getting the word out and the media exposure will help the cause.

Stay safe and do your part to keep us all safe.

Firestopping Collars

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Fire Stopping Collars

Fire Stopping Collars

I got a lot of interest over the fire stopping sleeve, so, I thought I would show you all this.

These collars are used for pipe penetrations through rated floor/ceiling assemblies.

The material inside the collar is like the fire putty or caulk and will expand when heated.

These typically will be wrapped around PVC or plastic piping. However, you need to make sure that the system meets UL listed requirements for this type of system.

Basically, each type of pipe and size have different listings and uses depending on the rating required. It gets complicated, but you need to ask the contractor to provide the appropriate listing and you need to ensure that the appropriate materials are being used and the rating is met.

These penetrations have to be protected and these collars do that.  It allows penetrations in rated floors and ceilings without compromising safety.

Stay safe and inspect regularly.

Leadership and Respect

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You may remember a few weeks ago I posted about the origins of this blog and the title.  Well, here is one topic of the class that I will be presenting at FDIC and that I did at Missouri Winter Fire School.

Understand, this is only part of a dynamic that we need to understand as fire service leaders and as future leaders.  Feel free to comment and share your thoughts, experiences and view.

Thanks for reading and stay safe.

Respect is a word that is used too frequently in the fire service and in many cases is not used correctly or in the correct context.  We use the chain of command for our emergency scenes and for our communication and disciplinary actions.  The guy at the top is the Chief and is the ultimate superior in that chain and organizational chart.  Although being at the top demands respect, it should not be assumed that it is there waiting for you when you move up the ranks.  Respect is earned, not given.

I have witnessed officers that have gotten promoted and believed that they are automatically due the respect of their crew and of the organization.  This creates a real problem for both the officer and his crew from the onset.  The officer feels rejected because he is not receiving the respect he feels he deserves and the crew feels forced into following a leader who is perceived to be power hungry.  Both sides are wrong and only good communication and mutual respect for each other will cure this ailment.

As an officer, you have added responsibility and become a management tool in one form or another.  Although you have just been promoted and will now be viewed as an officer, your people will recall your prior actions to determine your initial level of respectability.  Right, wrong or indifferent, what you did and how you acted and how you treated others before you were promoted will play a large role in how you are viewed and their respect for you or lack of respect will be based on those previous observations.

It is very difficult for power mongers to earn respect from his/her people.  The officer that puts himself above his people is doomed to fail and discord will surround him and it will filter down through the organization.  The harder an officer tries to demand and gain respect when he has done nothing to earn it, the faster he loses credibility and the more transparent he becomes in regards to his motives and values.    It will not take long for this officer to feel frustrated and unwelcome in many circles in the fire house.

The officer who demands respect and does not earn it is typically one who feels that he “deserves” what he has and that the title dictates that he be respected.  Although the position must be respected, the person who fills that title can do little to gain the respect of his peers and subordinates unless he takes steps to earn the respect by his actions and attitudes.  It is not enough to wear a gold badge and some trumpets to get respect; you must put the organization and the people that you are supposed to lead before yourself.  Over time, by putting others first, an officer will slowly earn the respect of his people and peers.  But, it won’t happen overnight.

Being promoted is more than wearing a white shirt and gold badge; it is a responsibility to make the organization a better place when you leave it.  One of the primary jobs of an officer is to make sure the person that takes your place is better than you are.  If that is not accomplished, the organization becomes stagnant and reactive.  I like to look at it as a pond vs. a stream.  The pond sits and grows algae and gets a film on it from the water just sitting.  It is not inviting to drink from or swim in to cool off.  Sometimes it even stinks.  The stream is clear, cool and refreshing. You would not hesitate to cool off in this stream and to fill your canteen from it.  The area is clean and the rocks are smoothed over from the many years of the stream flowing over them.  Which is your organization? The fresh, cool, free running stream or the dank, scummy pond?  Your leaders must decide where they would rather swim.

Dangerous Situation

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Check out the link to this video of a backdraft that injured one firefighter.   I don’t know that there is a lot that could have been done because it is such a short clip.

But, it is important to look for the signs and read the signs of smoke conditions that could indicate a backdraft.

Let me know what you think and stay safe out there.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTQWNCeCBvQ

Wind Driven Fires Part 1

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Check out the video above and pay real close attention to the fire behavior.

These tests were conducted as a result of some LODD that had strange conditions that were not typical in high-rise fires. NIST conducted the studies with the assistance of FDNY and Chicago FD.

The clip in the upper left is of a bedroom and normal furnishings and an average fire load for this type of apartment.

The upper right shows the same unit, but down the a hall in the kitchen area.

The lower left shows the stairwell and the lower right is the outside of the apartment room with thermal imaging.

This test shows how an apartment fire turns into a blow torch when the fire room window fails or is vented by crews. The wind blowing into the apartment creates a blow torch effect making conditions untenable.

Watch the temperatures and the velocity of the heat and fire. At around 2:20 the window fails and all hell breaks loose.

The temperature is a a thermometer imbedded in the concrete wall for the thermal view.

This is some dangerous stuff and I will post more on this and the changes that are being suggested for high rise fire tactics.

But, this phenomenon is not isolated to high rise structures. We need only to look at the fire in Houston last year that claimed the lives of two firefighters and the Kyle Wilson LODD in Prince William County to see how residential fires are affected by wind.

Stay tuned and stay safe. More on this soon. For additional details and videos go to the NIST website at fire.gov.

Investigating CO Calls

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Make sure to check the gas-powered equipment on CO calls.

Make sure to check the gas-powered equipment on CO calls.

This time of year we get large number of CO calls.  We arrive and take a look at the home detector and start reading our own meter.

If we get readings we start to investigate the location of the source.

Normally this includes stoves, ovens, fire places, furnaces and water heaters.

But, what about when you don’t get any readings or they are very low?

Do you go ahead and check the equipment anyway?  If not, you might want to start.

By checking the possible sources you might be able to find a potential problem before it becomes one.  As we know from recent events in Kansas, these events can be very dangerous to the occupants and the emergency personnel.

Take some extra time to look for things that are possible threats.  As you can see in this picture, it might not be causing CO yet, but it is certainly a risk.

Stay safe and be careful.

Crunched Up

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A crunchy situation.

A crunchy situation.

This was sent to me in an email and thought it would be good for conversation with the crew.

If you don’t have light rail, pretend that the two trains are buses.

Lay out how you would approach this and extricate trapped victims.

What do we need to consider for safety?

Discuss with your crews and pull off all of the equipment you would use and get familiar with it.

Stay safe and be careful.

Company Training

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Make sure you know your apparatus.
Make sure you know your apparatus.

 

Here is a quick drill that you can use when the weather is bad outside or just to change things up a bit.

Number each compartment how ever you choose. You can use stick-it notes or flash cards or whatever.

Make a list of the items inside each compartment on a separate piece of paper.

(Just a note, the officer should be doing this without the crew).

Now, get your crew together and put all of the equipment labels in a bowl or box or hat or whatever you choose.  A fire helmet is easy to come by, so use that.

Have each person draw and write down on a pad of paper where he or she thinks the equipment is located.  When each person has finished, take them out to see how they did. 

Let the winner pick what your having for dinner or something like that.  Make it fun and don’t make it a punitive thing.  If you want, you could do it once a month and keep a running score.  I bet you have these guys/gals checking the truck more frequently and becoming more familiar with their equipment.

Stay safe and be careful.  Train hard and pass on what you learn.

Making I-joists More Dangerous

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Like they aren't dangerous enough?
Like they aren’t dangerous enough?

This is a look at an altered and inappropriately installed engineered i-joist.  This happens a lot when pieces don’t fit or changes are made to the original design.

This is a weak spot in this floor  and will sag.  It will fail much faster if contacted with fire.

I know many don’t do residential inspections, but, if you do, this is something to watch for.  In addition, just understand that this type of work is out there.

Be careful and be aware.  Stay safe.

More on Light Weight Construction

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Know the dangers of light weight construction!

Know the dangers of light weight construction!

Check out this article for some great information and links in regards to light weight construction and the hazards that are associated with it.  All firefighters and officers need to read this.

Battling the Hidden Danger

Old Building Systems

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Old wire insulators still in use.

Old wire insulators still in use.

This is an old building that still has many old building systems in use.

As you can see from the picture, these wires are still in use with these old ceramic insulators.

These are unique and not seen very often.  Some of these old cloth wires are worn and can give you a shock or short out.

Just be aware in these older buildings.  For example, in this particular building, there are a lot of places that had obvious signs of water leaks. We know how that turns out when electric is involved.

Stay safe and be careful out there. Take the time to look at the older buildings in your area.  There is a lot to see and learn.

Precarious Situations

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Where do you start?

Where do you start?

This is a situation that I have never had to deal with. I friend of mine sent me this picture and I thought it would be interesting to hear how you would handle this.

If you are the first arriving engine company or squad, what are your first courses of action and why?

What are your main concerns  and priorities?

How will you stabilize this vehicle and what tactics and skills will you deploy to make the rescue and or extrication?

There is a lot here to go over, so take your time and list it all.  I think there are some of you out there that we could all learn a great deal from on this matter so share your experiences and knowledge.

Stay safe and think scene safety on all calls.

Company Discussion: Vacant Buildings Cont.

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I am back and will continue the discussion on vacant buildings.

First, I appoligize for not posting all weekend, I was at Missouri Winter Fire School teaching.  It was a great weekend and everyone was pleasant and eager to learn.

When I left, I had posted a picture and gave a scenario of a vacant building. Vacant buildings and how we approach them is a hot topic right now. We have some chiefs and firefighters arguing that we need to write-off all vacant buildings.

On the otherhand, we have firefighters and some officers that argue that we should search all buildings that are on fire because that was what we were sworn to do.  I understand both points.

While teaching this weekend this topic was brought up and the very vocal crowd, and the majority immediately said, “Let ‘em burn.”  Their setement was that we should not be entering these buildings because they are “vacant.”

I then asked the question, “Are all vacant buildings decrepit and delapidated?”  The answer is absolutely not.  Many vacant buildings are just that; not occupied.  It doesn’t mean that they are falling down and structurally unsound.

I pose this scenario.  If  a couple leaves their winter home for five months out of the year for warmer weather, is that building abandoned?  Most said , “no.”  Would the “let it burn” montra apply in that situation and why or why not?  Well, most said no it would not apply.

Listen, I am not sure why this is so difficult.  In a way I do because I understand the history of some very famous LODD that have happen in abandoned buildings.  But, at the same time, we are seeing and hearing reports of homeless and vagrants being rescued and found in these vacant buildings.

So, what do we do?  Here is what I am suggesting and you are free to disagree.  If we use the same risk management system and the risk vs. benefit anaylysis, this becomes less of an issue.  If your first arriving units are adequately trained, confident in their decision making abilities and familiar with their area, they perform like they would at any other building.

Just because a building is occupied does not make it inherently safe if it is on fire. The same is true for vacant buildings; just because it is vacant does not make inherently dangerous just because it is vacant.  It also doesn’t mean it isn’t occupied.

Do your size up, get three sides when you pull up.  Get your 360 and make an evaluation of conditions inside and those of the building.  If conditions are poor and survivability is not possible, don’t put your people at risk.

If the structure appears to be sound, the fire conditions are condusive for an aggressive search and attack, then it should be done.  The same rules apply for occupied structures.  You may take more risk for an occupied structure if you don’t konw that all occupants are out.  But, you still will measure conditions and survivability, especially if you have confirmation everyone is out.  Use the same judgment and experience with vacant buildings.

The bottom line is that properly trained firefighters and company officers will make the right decision.  IF they don’t, adequately trained and experienced chief officers need to make sure the correct decision is made and the proper battle plan is followed.

Use your head and don’t let your ego and emotions rule your actions. It could get you and your crew killed.  Take your time to call on good practices and experience to see the overall picture.

Until next time, stay safe and be careful.

Company Discussion: Vacant Building

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Vacant or not vacant: To go or not to go?

Vacant or not vacant: To go or not to go?

Recent discussions about vacant buildings and how we should handle them led me to post this scenario.

I have my own opinion on vacant buildings which I will post later.  But, the discussion can get heated, depending on who you are talking with.

It seems most chiefs are of the opinion that vacant buildings are write-offs and company officers and firefighters want to aggressively attack these buildings and perform search and rescue if conditions permit.

Without further delay, let’s move on to the scenario.

You have arrived on the scene of this fire and it has been reported vacant.  It is winter and cold outside.  It is just outside of town, about 2 minutes from the city limits.

There are no hydrants but you have adequate personnel and apparatus to begin operations with approximately 4000 gallons on the initial response.

What are your initial actions and how do you approach a vacant house?  Why do you what you choose and what conditions were considered?

Remember, everyone has an opinion and we can all learn valuable lessons from everyone.  Also, this was an actual fire I was on.  So, I can fill you in on how we did in a few days.

Let’s hear it all and stay safe.